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1.
糜棱岩韧性变形发生的应变局部化过程,尤其是多相糜棱岩第二相对基质相变形的影响一直是显微构造研究难点.研究表明糜棱岩借助颗粒边界滑移实现多相混合,形成多矿物相集合体.在多相糜棱岩内,第二相在基质相颗粒边界施加齐纳阻力,牵制基质相颗粒边界的迁移速率,破坏基质相颗粒的动态平衡过程,使基质相颗粒位于古应力计对应的颗粒粒度以下,导致基质相整体的表面积增大,促进扩散交换过程,提高了扩散蠕变,降低了基质相位错蠕变和结晶学优选方位(CPO)形成的效率,使变形机制从颗粒粒径不敏感蠕变机制(GSI)过渡为颗粒粒径敏感蠕变机制(GSS).另外,多相糜棱岩内的第二相具有诱导应变局部化的效应,使塑性应变局部化更为强烈,引起物质强度的变化,进而引起岩石变形过程和岩石圈流变行为的改变.选取秦岭群花岗质糜棱岩进行多相矿物糜棱岩定量化研究,结果显示花岗质糜棱岩伴随着云母含量的增多以及各相混合程度的增大,石英的颗粒粒度明显减小,CPO强度显著降低,基质相显微变形受第二相控制逐渐增强. 相似文献
2.
Damage of embankments during earthquakes is widely attributed to the liquefaction of foundation soil. Previous studies have investigated the dynamic response of embankments by mainly considering uniform sand foundation and a single earthquake event. However, the foundation of an embankment consists of many sublayers of soil from liquefiable sand to relatively impermeable layer, and during earthquakes a mainshock may trigger numerous aftershocks within a short time which may have the potential to cause additional damage to soil structures. Accordingly, the investigation of liquefaction-induced deformation of earthen embankments on various liquefiable foundation conditions under mainshock–aftershock sequential ground motions is carried out by a series of dynamic centrifuge tests in this study. The liquefiable foundation includes uniform sand profile, continuous layered soil profile, and non-homogeneous soil profiles. Effects of various foundation conditions on embankment deformations are compared and analyzed. From the test results, it is found that the embankment resting on non-homogeneous soil deposits suffer more damage compared to the uniform sand foundation of same relative density. The test results also suggest that the sequential ground motions have a significant effect on the accumulated deformation of embankment. 相似文献
3.
This paper deals with numerical modeling of the compressive behavior of granite rock under high strain rate dynamic loading and wide range of confining pressure. For this end, a constitutive model based on damage mechanics and viscoplasticity for rock is formulated and implemented in explicit dynamics FEM. The viscoplastic part is based on a simple power law type yield criterion that incorporates the rate-dependency with a linear viscosity term. Moreover, a Rankine type of tensile cut-off is employed. The damage part of the model is formulated with separate scalar damage variables in tension and compression. The model is calibrated for Kuru granite and validated with the experimental data from dynamic compression tests at the strain rate of 600 1/s up to 225 MPa of confining pressure. The numerical simulations demonstrate that, despite the underlying continuum modeling approach, the model captures the correct experimental failure modes, including the transition from single-to-multiple fragmentation, as well as the dynamic compressive strengths at different confining pressures. 相似文献
4.
中国陆相大型湖盆碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩沉积区分布广泛,含油气盆地内新发现了多个油气田,特别是近年来在致密油/页岩油勘探方面获得了突破。根据沉积体系域演化和可容纳空间演变解释层序地层单元,建立层序演化模式,预测油气储集体,适合于研究有成因联系的异旋回地层序列。深水体系的沉积层序体系域研究进展表现为引入强制海退(湖退)的概念,从经典的层序地层学格架三分体系域发展为四分体系域和二分体系域,不同尺度的相对整合序列和体系域分布与命名具有紧密联系。强制海(湖)退条件下形成的下降期体系域(FSST)和强制海(湖)退楔体系域(FRW)有内涵细节上的差异。采用A-P-D(加积-进积-降积)准层序叠加分析方法,分析体系域格架下薄层细粒沉积砂体的沉积搬运机理,提高了体系域识别和油气储集体预测的准确度。柴达木盆地古近系和四川盆地侏罗系研究实例表明,湖侵体系域随湖平面上升,浅湖和半深湖范围扩大,沉积中心地区发育三角洲前缘薄层砂体和深水浊积扇及多旋回泥页岩—泥灰岩组合,有利于页岩油气储集体的发育,成为“甜点”勘探目标区。展望未来,与页岩油气勘探有关的沉积层序体系域领域研究在以下几个方面将取得重要进展: (1)咸化湖盆深水沉积体系的高频旋回体系域研究; (2)与页岩型和混积型页岩油类型相关的湖侵体系域混积体系研究; (3)体系域级别的层序—古地理研究; (4)体系域格架下的源-汇系统及其古湖泊分布特征研究; (5)湖泊古水深、古气候和古环境的地球化学指标分析; (6)富有机质页岩发育的微纳米级孔—缝体系储集能力研究; (7)煤系环境纯湖相泥岩和沼泽相(湖沼或河沼)泥岩对规模天然气生烃贡献率的沉积基础研究。 相似文献
5.
非常规致密储层类型多,孔隙结构复杂,非均质性强,研究难度大。针对已有致密储层孔隙结构评价技术,重点探讨了CT扫描、气体吸附与压汞分析等技术的有效应用范围,厘定了不同技术应用时需注意的关键问题,指出兼顾分辨率与代表性、提高表征维度、实现动态与静态同步表征是致密储层孔隙结构评价技术优选的关键。通过系统解剖常规砂岩、致密砂岩、致密混积岩、沉凝灰岩、介壳灰岩及泥页岩6种储层,明确不同级别孔隙系统的差异性,针对性地提出了不同储层对应的关键表征技术系列。非常规致密储层孔隙结构研究应加强多尺度数据融合,加强与可动流体评价结合,加强与储层改造研究结合,通过多领域、多学科、多视角联合攻关,实现储层有效性评价,为寻找预测规模有效“甜点区”提供技术支撑。 相似文献
6.
《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial & Planetary Science》1999,24(5):507-513
In the frame of this work, the sensitivity of a grid-based photochemical model on the emission inventory is examined. More precisely, the role of various emission categories on simulated oxidant formation is investigated and especially the biogenic ones. Special emphasis is given on the investigation of the role of the biogenic emissions on tropospheric ozone formation over areas with significant anthropogenic sources. The area of interest is the SE part of the Greek Peninsula where there are various types of anthropogenic pollutant sources and important biogenic sources from forest areas. Ozone air quality simulations were performed using the combined system of the atmospheric model RAMS and the photochemical model UAM. The simulations revealed that there is a significant increase of the calculated ozone concentrations over areas with significant precursor sources when biogenic emissions are taken into account. This increase is more pronounced during the days with a significant regional scale transport. 相似文献
7.
成岩作用是碳酸盐岩储层的重要成因之一, 也是控制碳酸盐岩储层评价和预测的重要地质因素。首先概括了碳酸盐岩成岩研究的技术方法, 重点剖析了溶蚀作用、白云石化作用、胶结作用、新生变形作用、硅化作用、压实作用和压溶作用的成岩机理及最新认识, 归纳总结了生物扰动、构造破裂、烃类充注及微生物等成岩作用的辅助因素。碳酸盐岩成岩作用研究对象从礁滩和微生物岩逐步拓展到潟湖、混积岩及冷水沉积等领域。分析了构造-层序控制下成岩环境和成岩作用的演变, 根据沉积能量和成岩性质划分出5种沉积环境-成岩作用组合。碳酸盐岩成岩作用研究存在问题包括: 成岩模拟系统与真实地层环境差异大; 成岩术语不规范、成岩模式理想化和单一化; 潟湖、深水和冷水等非常规碳酸盐岩研究程度低; 成岩作用的双刃性及对储层改造的定量化研究不足。指出了碳酸盐岩成岩作用研究的发展趋势: 通过结合地层埋藏史, 实验模拟方法将逐步趋向真实埋藏环境, 成岩模拟软件不断实现模块集成化和智能化; 成岩模式更加精细且更具针对性, 成岩作用对储层的改造实现定量化研究; 非常规碳酸盐岩成岩机理研究更加健全。 相似文献
8.
旨在研究声固耦合法模拟水下爆炸对圆筒的冲击,运用大型有限元软件 ABAQUS 声固耦合算法分别对密封圆筒与透水圆筒水下爆炸模型进行计算分析,并与理论公式结果进行对比分析。结果表明：利用 ABAQUS 声固耦合算法可以比较准确地模拟圆筒水下爆炸分析,能够满足工程要求;另外,在相同的水下爆炸作用下,透水圆筒比密封圆筒具有更好的抗爆炸和抗冲击性能。 相似文献
9.
The Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian time is the cradle of multicellular, eukaryotic life and thereafter metazoan life started populating the planet. Biomarkers, which record the chronicles of biotic events on Earth, have been investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry from a suite of nine oil samples extracted from oil stained sediments and a crude oil of Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian age from Bikaner-Nagaur Basin, western India. The biomarker distribution is characterized by high concentration of both tricyclic terpanes and pentacyclic hopanes. The predominance of C29 regular sterane over C27 and C28 steranes indicates green algal contribution and may imply the prominence and diversification of the same algal group. The low pristane/phytane ratio and occurrence of substantial quantity of gammacerane, monomethyl 2-methyl-2-(2,4,8-trimethyltridecyl) chroman and 1,1,7,8-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4 tetrahydrophenanthrene are indicative of stratified water column as well as anoxic and enhanced salinity condition of the environment of deposition. This paper reports for the first time the presence of methyltrimethyltridecyl chromans (MTTCs) from Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian time. Putative C19 norsteranes, probably indicative of sponge input, are recorded in the studied samples and also reported from other infracambrian oils and sediments. Normal alkanes (n-C17 and n-C18) and isoprenoids (pristane and phytane) are highly depleted in δ13C. The overall biomarker distribution and carbon isotope data of oils from Bikaner-Nagaur Basin show similarities with those of other infracambrian oils like Huqf oils from Oman and Baykit High oils from eastern Siberia. 相似文献
10.
The effects of soil-structure interaction on the seismic response of an isolated three span motorway overcrossing founded on piles are investigated by considering a real bridge located along the A14 Motorway in central Italy. The dynamic and mechanical properties of the soils are obtained from a comprehensive geotechnical characterization of the sites. Ten triplets of real accelerograms, defined at the outcropping bedrock, are adopted and processed by local response analyses to capture the site amplification effects and the free-field motions within the deposits. The soil-structure interaction effects are evaluated by means of the substructure method by comparing the seismic response of the structures with those obtained from conventional fixed base models. Analyses demonstrate that the soil-foundation dynamic compliance as well as the energy loss due to radiation damping dot not modify significantly the overall behaviour of the isolated bridges, while soil-structure interaction may increase deformations and forces on the isolation devices with respect to those obtained with fixed base models. 相似文献